Political Geography and Ownership of the Oceans

The control and ownership of the oceans have long been a controversial topic. Since ancient empires began to sail and trade over the seas, command of coastal areas has been important to governments. However, it wasnt until the twentieth century that countries began to come together to discuss the standardization of maritime boundaries. Surprisingly, the situation still has yet to be resolved. Making up Their Own Limits From ancient times through the 1950s, countries established the limits of their jurisdiction at sea on their own. While most countries established a distance of three nautical miles, the borders varied between three and 12 nm. These territorial waters are considered part of a countrys jurisdiction, subject to all of the laws of the land of that country. From the 1930s to the 1950s, the world began to realize the value of mineral and oil resources under the oceans. Individual countries began to expand their claims to the ocean for economic development. In 1945, U.S. President Harry Truman claimed the entire continental shelf off the coast of the U.S. (which extends almost 200 nm off the Atlantic coast). In 1952, Chile, Peru, and Ecuador claimed a zone 200 nm from their shores. Standardization The international community realized that something needed to be done to standardize these borders. The first United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS I) met in 1958 to begin discussions on these and other oceanic issues. In 1960 UNCLOS II was held and in 1973 UNCLOS III took place. Following UNCLOS III, a treaty was developed that attempted to tackle the boundary issue. It specified that all coastal countries would have a 12 nm territorial sea and a 200 nm Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). Each country would control the economic exploitation and environmental quality of its EEZ. Though the treaty has yet to be ratified, most countries are adhering to its guidelines and have begun to consider themselves ruler over a 200 nm domain. Martin Glassner reports that these territorial seas and EEZs occupy approximately one-third of the world ocean, leaving just two-thirds as high-seas and international waters. What Happens When Countries Are Very Close Together? When two countries lie closer than 400 nm apart (200nm EEZ 200nm EEZ), an EEZ boundary must be drawn between the countries. Countries closer than 24 nm apart draw a median line boundary between each others territorial waters. The UNCLOS protects the right of passage and even flight through (and over) narrow waterways known as chokepoints. What About Islands? Countries like France, which continues to control many small Pacific islands, now have millions of square miles in a potentially profitable ocean area under their control. One controversy over the EEZs has been to determine what constitutes enough of an island to have its own EEZ. The UNCLOS definition is that an island must remain above the water line during high water and may not just be rocks, and must also be habitable for humans. Theres still much to be hammered out regarding the political geography of the oceans but it seems that countries are following the recommendations of the 1982 treaty, which should limit most arguments over control of the sea.

Walt Whitman And Langston Hughes - 1009 Words

Walt Whitman is a renowned American poet. He served as an example for all to follow. He put thoughts into peoples head. Whitman was very influential and had a very big effect on people. Langston Hughes was also a very influential American poet. He was known for changing others opinion of race and making their oppression evident to others. Hughes was very influenced by Whitman and he caused him to want to make a difference in peoples thoughts on his race. Whitman wrote a poem called I Hear America Singing and some people believe that it influenced Hughes poem, I, Too, Sing America. Hughe builds on Whitmans poems in these categories; structure and technique, themes, and effect on people and society. Hughe built on Whitmans poem in the†¦show more content†¦This was a cause for celebration, hence the symbol of singing. Whitman lists each profession followed by what they do and how it is their distinct song. He also related this to how wach one is American and this variety and jo y is what makes them American. The point he is trying to get across, is that the freedom in America is a cause for celebration and should not be taken for granted. We need to enjoy the freedom we have been so graciously blessed with. There is nothing more special than the ability to freely do what we find desirable each and every day. Hughes poem, I, Too, Sing America, is very different in the theme; the main theme is how he is viewed in America, being an African-American. He talks about how he treated differently because of his color. For example, I am the darker brother/ They send me to eat in the kitchen/ When company comes(Lines 2-4). It is clear that he is not treated equally because of his skin color. In this poem, he explains that, although he has dark skin, he too sings. He wants to, and is apart of their culture and country. Nothing and nobody can take that away from him. He explains that one day everyone will see how beautiful he is and be ashamed of how they treated him. These two poems, clearly have different themes; however, Hughes poem, I, Too, Sing America, builds off of Whitmans poem, I Hear America Singing, by saying that he is just as American and wants to enjoy the freedom of the country he resigns in and can sing just asShow MoreRelatedWalt Whitman And Langston Hughes Analysis796 Words   |  4 PagesWalt Whitman and Langston Hughes. Two highly renowed poets. One of Whitmans most known poems, I Hear America Singing, is about living the American life; he explains multiple types of people in his piece of work and how they are all a part of America. Similar to this, Langston Hughes wrote the poem I, Too, Sing America, and in this, he includes African Americans, suggesting that Whitman left some people out. Also saying, that blacks are proud and just as big of a part of America as anyone elseRead MoreWalt Whitman, Langston Hughes, And Tupac Shakur1088 Words   |  5 PagesWalt Whitman, Langston Hughes, and Tupac Shakur have a major role in English Literature, Even though they live during the different time periods from different backgrounds, and they all have written many poems about the American dream. When it comes to the American dream, people have different points of view on the topic. Many people believe that American dream is about all American citizens having equal rights and opportunities to achieve the success through hard work. On the other hand, many peopleRead MoreLangston Hughes And I Hear America Singing By Walt Whitman940 Words   |  4 Pagesgain a better understanding of the theme they are implying. In the contrast between the poems â€Å"I, too, sing America† by Langston Hughes, and â€Å"I hear America singing† by Walt Whitman it is clear that the two poets have very different point of views regarding American patriotism. Walt Whitman’s views on America’s joy and peace in his poems are very straightforward, while Langston Hughes poem--a response to Whitman’s--wan ts the reader to acknowledge what America should be like for everyone, including peopleRead MoreI Too by Langston Hughes vs One Song America Before I Go by Walt Whitman1307 Words   |  6 Pagesself back and need to start taking pride in what they do and where they’re from. In â€Å"One Song, America, Before I Go† by Walt Whitman and â€Å"I Too† by Langston Hughes, the speakers celebrated the concepts of individuality, originality, and nationality. People of all kinds are influenced by their everyday life and it shows in their work. Walt Whitman is no exception to this rule. Whitman was born in 1819 on Long Island, New York. From there he was a free spirit. He worked many different jobs includingRead MoreThe Difference Between Langston Hughes And I Hear America Singing998 Words   |  4 PagesIn this essay I will be talking about the differences between Walt Whitmans poem â€Å" I Hear America Singing† and Langston Hughes poem â€Å" I, Too, Sing America†. I will also be giving my opinion on whether or not Langston Hughes is responding to Walt Whitmans poem. Langston Hughes was an American poet, social activist, novelist, playwright, and a columnist from Joplin, Missouri. Walt Whitman was an American poet, essayist, and a journalist from West Hills, New York. This is all just background informationRead MoreSimilarities And Similarities Between Langston Hughes And I Hear America Singing835 Words   |  4 Pagesb est in their lifetimes. The first poem is written by Walt Whitman and is called â€Å" I Hear America Singing†. The other poem is by Langston Hughes and is called â€Å"I, Too, Sing America† .Many people believe that Langston Hughes wrote his poem â€Å"I, Too, Sing America† in response to Walt Whitmans poem â€Å" I Hear America Singing†. Some people have a completely opposite opinion and say that the two poems have nothing to with each other. Langston Hughes did many things in his life. Some of them include beingRead MoreLangston Hughes Essay1084 Words   |  5 PagesLangston Hughes was a large influence on the African-American population of America. Some of the ways he did this was how his poetry influenced Martin Luther King Jr. and the Harlem Renaissance. These caused the civil rights movement that resulted in African-Americans getting the rights that they deserved in the United States. Hughes was born in 1902 in Joplin, Missouri. His parents divorc ed when he was young and his grandmother raised him. She got him into literature and education; she was one ofRead MoreChallenges in The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain by Langston Hughes2027 Words   |  8 Pageswords taken from the essay â€Å"The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain,† Langston Hughes offers insightful statements that verge on the boundary of being, in a sense, challenges. He is directly confronting the implicit wariness of social stratification in that he dismisses the societal need for humans to conform and to adopt personalities and views for themselves that are significantly molded by the outside world. Langston Hughes is saying that humans, no matter their circumstance or origin, have theRead MoreAnalysis Of Walt Whitman s Works And Pieces1452 Words   |  6 Pagesthat are preventing freedom. As America develops its culture, these unintimidated activists have similar dreams including Walt Whitman, Langston Hughes, Charlotte Gilman, Malala Yousaf zi, Alice Paul, and Martin Luther King Jr. influence their views of society to promote equality and social change. Walt Whitman’s works and pieces illuminates on the potential of America. Whitman is a very outspoken and an optimistic poet and feels that when he was visiting New Orleans this truly exposed him to theRead MoreI Too Sing America999 Words   |  4 Pages In the poem I Too Sing America, by Langston Hughes had a significant message in that he desired to voice his expression on the issue of black oppression in America. Langston basic themes focused on the American Dream and the possibilities of hope and advancement were constantly present in his poetry. The tension between the unrealized dream and the realities of the black experience in America provided this insight to the black world. Langston Hughes undoubtedly saw himself first and foremost

Heraclitus Free Essays

The one of the Renaissance’s greatest master painter, Raphael was the one who created the masterpiece, ‘The school of Athens’. It was a great fresco that was painted between from 1510 to 1511. The painting contained famous professionals such as mathematician, philosopher, scientist, and many other professionals including Raphael himself. We will write a custom essay sample on Heraclitus or any similar topic only for you Order Now Raphael of course admired all the people in the painting that he drew himself. For me when I see the drawing I admire these three people: Heraclitus, Alexander the Great, and Pythagoras the most. I also believe that Raphael himself had admired these people like me because of many reasons. Heraclitus was a great man who was considered to be known as one of Greek’s principle philosophers. However, he is more known to be a great scientist who has created a foundation of modern physics. His philosophy or his way of thinking has changed the view of European world completely. His theory was called â€Å"Logos† or being more specific it was an important word that he used to explain his philosophy, which became an important in subjects such as philosophy, psychology, rhetoric, and religion. The term â€Å"Logos† has been used by many famous people other than Heraclitus, but what is it that makes this person special? The answer to this question I believe has lead Raphael who drew Heraclitus to admire him. Heraclitus was a new kind or type of thinking man in his age, since his view of the world was totally different from the others. He used the word â€Å"Logos† in explaining his philosophy and defined it as opposite things like water and fire being one together. It is very hard to understand and even Heraclitus himself has said that the term â€Å"Logos† could not be defined completely accurate by us human beings even though it is always with us in the present. As I have said before this philosophy made by Heraclitus however changed the view point of the Europeans and Raphael, who was known have the mind of the humanist could have also been affected by this. The opposites are suppose to be one whole thing, but we humans who see these things are the ones who perceive differently than what the reality tells us. A person who was known to be one of the greatest warriors of whole time, Alexander the Great was drawn on the painting by Raphael. Being a king and also being a student of a famous philosopher, Aristotle, Alexander the Great was a famous person. His philosophy if said it would match the one by Aristotle, since he did learn from Aristotle. However, Alexander aside from his master’s philosophy had a logical way of thinking and one example of that was adapting his empire to the Hellenic culture(Greek culture), which was more reasonable and logical by any means in life. For example, the education, government, and many other things including art and philosophy of the Greek culture was much better in most of aspects. This part of the Alexander was what I believe Raphael idolized the most. There are of course more aspects about him that are considered good and bad. The good parts would mostly have been his aspect about the culture, especially the art and the philosophy of other countries. On the other hand the bad parts would have been about him being very violent and impulsive nature. Overall, he is considered to be a great warrior now days and must have also been acknowledged by Raphael, since Raphael drew Alexander on the painting. Finally the person who was known to be a philosopher, scientist, and most of all famous for being one of the greatest mathematicians is Pythagoras. He was a very knowledgeable man and the reason was because he spent about half of his life learning and traveling to many different countries. Pythagoras learned many things and part of the learning was about religion, which made him to believe in transmigration, or should I say the rebirth of a soul over and over until it becomes immortal. He was also in religion worshipped as a god or a supernatural figure that could travel between time and space. This situation in a way allowed him to create his own school that was religious and secretive. Of course beside from this kind of achievement he created the â€Å"Pythagorean Theorem†, which now days is very important part of math. The theory in summary is stating that in right angled triangle the square of a hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the left over sides. This theory indeed affected a lot of things in math, but Pythagoras’ influence didn’t stop at this point. Instead, the influence got bigger until he influenced most of other subjects such as music, science, and religion. This great influence on the education must have been what Raphael idolized because Pythagoras was also acknowledged by other famous philosophers like Aristotle and Plato for his powerful influence. Heraclitus, Alexander the Great, and Pythagoras are three people that I most admire when I see the â€Å"School of Athens† are also the same people who must have been idolized by the creator, Raphael. The influences of all three of them were very powerful in many ways, for example, Heraclitus’ philosophy became the base of physics, Alexander the Great changed the culture of many countries, and Pythagoras’ math theorem became important part in our math today. There are of course many other great and famous professionals who are inside the picture and they in many ways have been admired by Raphael like the three I most idolize. However, in my opinion I do think that Raphael himself should be acknowledged as well, since compare to the people in the picture, he also has achieved great things like them. How to cite Heraclitus, Essay examples

Comparing the Ways the Poet Presents the Relationship Essay Example For Students

Comparing the Ways the Poet Presents the Relationship Essay Comparing the ways the poet presents the relationship In the two poems Hour and Nettles. The poems Hour and Nettles are both poems about the relationship between two or more people. Both poets used some of the same principles but they also use very different structures. Below are some of the examples that I have found. In the poem Hour and Nettles, the poet always presents the information by relating most of the words or phrases used in the passage with the title. In the poem Hour the poem has used Loves times a beggar. This phrase relates to the poems title cause it comes under hour which comes under the category time. This phrase is saying that when you are in love with someone there Is never enough time that you are able to have when spending time with them. In the poem Nettles the poet uses The boy came seeking comfort and I saw white blisters beaded on his tender skin. When the parents son had returned home after so long he was covered In wounds from the war and was In so much pain he needed comfort to take the pain he had received away. Using key words that are to do with the poem Hour and Nettles emphasizes on the actual meaning of the poem so that the reader can relate more to he poem. Both poets have used the same structure making the ending verses rhyme with the next line. In both poems, both poets have presented the relationships by showing the problems that they have within their relationships. Both poems also focus more on the negative side of their relationship rather than the positive. In the poem Hour although the persona suggests that to be with a loved one, even for Just an hour, is precious and valuable it also presents the traditional idea of time as an obstacle to lovers. The persona states that time hates love, wants love poor. This wows that the persona Is complaining that time Is mostly the only factor that really affects a relationship. In the poem Nettles the persona complains about how hard It Is to cope having a son that Is In the army and how much It affects the family. It also talks about how much the son has to go through as well and the wounds that he receives. Nettles also relates to the category time because the persona also talks about not having enough time to stay with his son because before the son has been healed he has been called to go back and the he would often feel wounds again. This indicates that time is part of the problem that is affecting the personas relationship with his child. Another factor that both poets have in common is their relationship with the reader. In the poem Nettles, the poet uses military language which effects the reader. It makes the reader feel upset and maybe even anger because of the wounds and pain the son is going through. It helps the reader to connect with the poem making It easier for them to understand. It also shows what the parents have to deal with because of the fact that their son Is going to war not knowing whether he ill ever come back to them. They also do not know how Injured he will be the next and always referred to how nothing dark will end our shining hour and also displays the love between the two people because of the thousands of seconds we kiss. Another way the poets have compared the relationships that are in their poem is that in both poems the authors have a deeper meaning to the poem. In the poem Nettles the father secretly does not want his son to go to the army because of the thought of losing him because of the harsh conditions and the risk of death and also the state e comes back home in whether he will arrive as he went or comeback as a different person. Hour shows that the she does not want to let everything out because of painful, personal memories and feelings. She feels that if she loses that person it would feel the pain she felt all over again. Hour is an overall loving and affectionate poem showing relationship between the couple displaying how much one of them means to them, describing their love, whereas Nettles is more about the love between the family (father and son). It shows the relationship that the dad and his son share and also the relationship between the family as a whole.